Direct Producers


Attempts innumerable have been and are still being made to secure, by

hybridizing V. vinifera and American species of grapes, varieties

that will resist phylloxera, the mildew and black-rot. The grapes of

this continent are relatively immune to all of these troubles, and if

hybrids could be obtained to produce directly, without grafting,

grapes with the good qualities of the Viniferas--in short, European

grapes on American vines--the cultivated grape flora of the whole

world might be changed. So far, a "direct producer" that is wholly

satisfactory in either Europe or California has not been found for the

wine or raisin industries, although a number of varieties are rated as

very good table grapes, and a few are used in wine-making. The best of

the direct producers are Lenoir, Taylor, Noah, Norton's Virginia,

Autuchon, Othello, Catawba, and Delaware.




York. Top, Malvasia; bottom, Chasselas Golden.]



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